{"product_id":"epithalon-25mg","title":"( 🌴Anti-aging ) Epithalon peptide (25mg) - 10 Vials","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"et_pb_tab_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pro-description-con\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e🧬 What is Epithalon?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEpithalon is a tetrapeptide that was first associated with anti-aging research in Russia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKey areas of research include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTelomere length\u003cbr\u003ePineal gland function (melatonin-related)\u003cbr\u003eCircadian rhythm\u003cbr\u003eAntioxidation and cellular aging\u003cbr\u003e⏳ Core concept: Telomeres\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe most well-known theory regarding Epithalon is:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e➡️ It may influence telomerase activity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTelomeres can be understood as:\u003cbr\u003e🧬 “Protective caps” on chromosomes that shorten with age\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe theoretical logic is:\u003cbr\u003e👉 Shorter telomeres → Older cells\u003cbr\u003e👉 Stable telomeres → Aging may slow down\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e⚠️ But note:\u003cbr\u003eThis is a “research hypothesis,” not a definitive medical conclusion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e😴 Potential Effects (Research \u0026amp; Rumors)\u003cbr\u003e🌙 1️⃣ Sleep and Melatonin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEpithalon is believed to potentially:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegulate pineal gland function\u003cbr\u003eIncrease melatonin secretion\u003cbr\u003eImprove sleep rhythms\u003cbr\u003e🧠 2️⃣ Anti-aging effects\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePotential effects mentioned in studies:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImprovement in biological age indicators\u003cbr\u003eAntioxidant effects\u003cbr\u003eStabilization of cellular function\u003cbr\u003e❤️ 3️⃣ Endocrine and immune regulation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePossible effects on:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHormone rhythms\u003cbr\u003eImmune system aging\u003cbr\u003eStress responses\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEpithalon Peptide\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"white-back-d\" style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\"\u003eEpithalon, or Epitalon, is a small synthetic peptide that appears to activate the telomerase enzyme and may promote the release of melatonin. Experimental research has suggested its potential to slow alterations in reproductive and immune systems and improve life spans in mice and rats.\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e Apart from its potential in regulating cell aging, the peptide has also played an important role in research conducted on certain classes of cancer, infectious diseases, and DNA regulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"grey-back\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e C\u003csub\u003e14\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e22\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e9\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"white-back\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 390.34 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"grey-back\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSequence:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"white-back\" style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOther Known Titles:\u003c\/strong\u003e Epitalon, Epithalone, Epithalamin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEpithalon Research\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"grey-back-d\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEpithalon and Cell Aging\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEarly research on insect and murine models hypothesized that Epithalon may improve cell span to a significant extent.\u003csup\u003e[2] \u003c\/sup\u003eMore specifically, \u003cem\u003eepithalamin\u003c\/em\u003e, a related pineal peptide preparation containing Epithalon, has been suggested to potentially increase the mean lifespan of insect and murine models by 11–31%. Furthermore, the experiment in rats suggested a 52% decrease in mortality upon Epithalon exposure. It appears to have been impactful in mice models of cardiac disease, where the life expectancy was reported to be increased by 27% compared to control animals. The peptide has been observed to mediate action by eliminating free radicals (charged molecules that damage tissue). More specifically, this potential antioxidative action of the peptide may inhibit free radical processes in both murine and insect models, and it is suggested that these antioxidative properties may potentially lead to increased lifespan in other test models. Apart from studies focused on its antioxidant activity, Epithalon has also been studied for its potential to activate an enzyme called telomerase in cell culture assays. Telomerase is considered to preserve the ends of chromosomes, known as telomeres, which are deemed crucial for maintaining the integrity of DNA. Epithalon may potentially preserve the DNA from damage by activating the telomerase and decreasing the number of errors in the DNA strands. This dual potential of enhancing antioxidant defense and possibly boosting telomere integrity might explain some of the lifespan-extending actions hypothesized in epithalamin and Epithalon models.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnother study posited that Epithalon might reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aged oocyte cells, suggesting antioxidative characteristics.\u003csup\u003e[3]\u003c\/sup\u003e Specifically, Epithalon appeared to decrease ROS accumulation significantly compared to higher concentrations, which did not yield the same protective action. This reduction in ROS might be crucial, as oxidative stress is considered a key factor in cellular aging. Epithalon also potentially preserves oocyte structural integrity. It was observed to decrease fragmentation rates in post-ovulatory aged oocytes and during parthenogenetic activation. Fragmentation, indicative of compromised cytoplasmic integrity, was notably reduced in the 0.1mM Epithalon group, implying a protective action on cellular morphology. Additionally, Epithalon appeared to maintain spindle integrity and proper cortical granule (CG) distribution. Spindle abnormalities, common in aged oocytes, appeared to have been mitigated by Epithalon, as was the mislocalization of CGs, which are essential for fertilization. These findings suggest that epithalons may help preserve the cytoskeletal and cortical structure of oocytes during aging. Mitochondrial function, a critical aspect of oocyte viability, appeared to be also positively affected by Epithalon. The study reported higher mitochondrial membrane potential and increased mtDNA copy numbers in Epithalon-exposed oocytes. Given that mitochondria are pivotal in ATP production and cellular energy metabolism, these findings propose that Epithalon may support mitochondrial integrity and functionality during oocyte aging. Furthermore, Epithalon experimentation seemed to reduce DNA damage and apoptosis in aged oocytes. The peptide decreased the fluorescence intensity of γH2AX signals, a marker of DNA damage, and appeared to have lowered apoptosis rates as indicated by Annexin-V staining. This implies that Epithalon might enhance oocyte survival by mitigating oxidative damage and preserving genomic stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"white-back-d\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEpithalon and DNA Activation and Gene Expression\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEpithalon is being actively researched to explore the mechanisms by which this peptide may mediate longevity. One such potential pathway may be the regulation of certain gene expressions.\u003csup\u003e[4]\u003c\/sup\u003e Studies evaluating the effect of peptide exposure in cell cultures have noted that Epithalon appears to directly interact with promoter regions of certain genes such as Tram1, IL-2, CD5, and MMP2 and may also enhance their expression. CD5 and IL-2 are both involved in the functions of the immune system, while MMP2 is considered to play a role in the maintenance of extracellular matrix in tendons, skin, and other connective tissue. Epithalon appears to trigger interferon-gamma synthesis from aging lymphocytes in rats. Interferon-gamma is a relevant signaling molecule of the immune system and supports combating viral infections through T lymphocyte, macrophage, and natural killer cell activation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnother study investigated the potential mechanisms of the Epithalon in influencing gene expression and protein synthesis in stem cells such as gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs).\u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c\/sup\u003e The Epithalon peptide was suggested to induce neuronal cell differentiation in retinal and periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Epithalon peptide experimentation appeared to have led to an upregulation of neurogenic differentiation markers, including Nestin, GAP43, β Tubulin III, and Doublecortin, in hGMSCs. Specifically, mRNA expression of these markers increased by 1.6 to 1.8 times. This suggests a potential epigenetic mechanism where Epithalon peptide may regulate gene expression and protein synthesis related to neuronal differentiation. The study posits that the Epithalon peptide may interact specifically with histones, altering chromatin structure and thereby modulating gene expression. The Epithalon peptide's epigenetic regulation mechanism might involve competitive binding with histones at DNA interaction sites, increasing the likelihood of transcription for genes involved in neuronal differentiation. Molecular modeling indicated that Epithalon peptide may bind preferentially with histones H1\/6 and H1\/3 at specific sites, which may interact with DNA. This binding might facilitate increased transcription of neurogenic differentiation genes. The peptide-histone interaction might disrupt histone-DNA binding, potentially enhancing gene accessibility for transcription.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"grey-back-d\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEpithalon and Extracellular Matrix (Skin ECM)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExperimental research suggests Epithalon’s potential to induce MMP2 expression. MMP2 is a protein found in connective tissue like skin. It may act as an enzyme with a potential role in the breakdown of extracellular matrix components, vital for tissue remodeling and repair. In the context of Epithalon, the induction of MMP2 expression might imply enhanced tissue regeneration and repair processes. Research in rodents indicates that apart from the activation of MMP2, the peptide might also activate fibroblasts, which produce and maintain MMP2 and other components of the extracellular matrix, such as collagen and elastin. Mice exposed to Epithalon exhibited 30-45% higher activation of fibroblasts than controls.\u003csup\u003e[6]\u003c\/sup\u003e This increase in fibroblast activity suggests a possible route through which Epithalon may exert its actions on tissue repair and regeneration. Epithalon also appears to inhibit the activity of Caspase-3, a key enzyme that is considered to promote apoptosis (programmed cell death).\u003csup\u003e[7]\u003c\/sup\u003e By inhibiting Caspase-3, Epithalon might contribute to cellular longevity and reduced apoptosis, which may complement its regenerative potential, yet this hypothesis demands more comprehensive research for validation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"white-back-d\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEpithalon and Tumor Growth\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDaily exposure to the peptide in rat models of cancerous tumors reported a reduction in tumor growth, with the burden diminishing the metastasis of the cells to distant tissues. Epithalon is currently under research for its interaction in Her-2\/neu positive breast cancer, testicular cancer, and certain types of leukemia. Scientific research associates the peptide with activating the PER1 protein produced in the hypothalamus.\u003csup\u003e[8]\u003c\/sup\u003e The gene is involved in regulating the circadian rhythm and is considered under-expressed in cancer instances. PER1 has been suggested to influence cancer progression once cancer has been established. It follows that control of PER1 expression may potentially be employed to reduce tumor growth. PER1 expression in cells appears to sensitize cancer cells to radiation. This is considered to exhibit a two-fold action. It may not only decrease tumor size and burden and decrease radiation, but it may also minimize the chances of secondary tumors from extensive radiation. Research is ongoing to further elucidate this hypothesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"grey-back-d\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEpithalon and Melatonin Secretion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMelatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep cycles. Studies on rats have suggested that Epithalon and similar peptides may potentially regulate the synthesis and secretion of melatonin by influencing the expression of two proteins: arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and pCREB transcription protein.\u003csup\u003e[9]\u003c\/sup\u003e These genes are believed to be involved in melatonin production and the circadian (day\/night) control of hormone release. Research in monkeys observed that Epithalon may potentially restore normal physiological levels of melatonin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"white-back-d\" style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEpithalon and Vision\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEpithalon has been studied in rat models of retinitis pigmentosa.\u003csup\u003e[10]\u003c\/sup\u003e These studies reported that the peptide appeared to improve the outcome in 90% of the cohort. Generally, research in Epithalon has suggested its potential to preserve the overall structure of the eye and boost the retina's bioelectric function, which is deemed important for fully functional vision.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: #555;\"\u003eReferences\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"white-back-d\" style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\"\u003e\n\u003col style=\"color: #555;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKhavinson VKh. Peptides and Ageing. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2002;23 Suppl 3:11-144. PMID: 12374906.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnisimov VN, Mylnikov SV, Khavinson VK. Pineal peptide preparation epithalamin increases the lifespan of fruit flies, mice and rats. Mech Ageing Dev. 1998 Jun 15;103(2):123-32. . PMID: 9701766.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYue X, Liu SL, Guo JN, Meng TG, Zhang XR, Li HX, Song CY, Wang ZB, Schatten H, Sun QY, Guo XP. Epitalon protects against post-ovulatory aging-related damage of mouse oocytes in vitro. Aging (Albany NY). 2022 Apr 12;14(7):3191-3202. . Epub 2022 Apr 12. PMID: 35413689; PMCID: PMC9037278.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKhavinson, V. K.h, Tarnovskaya, S. I., Linkova, N. S., Pronyaeva, V. E., Shataeva, L. K., \u0026amp; Yakutseni, P. P. (2013). Short cell-penetrating peptides: a model of interactions with gene promoter sites. \u003cem\u003eBulletin of experimental biology and medicine\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e154\u003c\/em\u003e(3), 403–410.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKhavinson V, Diomede F, Mironova E, Linkova N, Trofimova S, Trubiani O, Caputi S, Sinjari B. AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis: Possible Epigenetic Mechanism. Molecules. 2020 Jan 30;25(3):609. . PMID: 32019204; PMCID: PMC7037223.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChalisova, N. I., Lin'kova, N. S., Zhekalov, A. N., Orlova, A. O., Ryzhak, G. A., \u0026amp; Khavinson, V. K.h (2014). \u003cem\u003eAdvances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e27\u003c\/em\u003e(4), 699–703.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLin'kova, N. S., Drobintseva, A. O., Orlova, O. A., Kuznetsova, E. P., Polyakova, V. O., Kvetnoy, I. M., \u0026amp; Khavinson, V. K.h (2016). Peptide Regulation of Skin Fibroblast Functions during Their Aging In Vitro. \u003cem\u003eBulletin of experimental biology and medicine\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e161\u003c\/em\u003e(1), 175–178.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGery, S., Komatsu, N., Baldjyan, L., Yu, A., Koo, D., \u0026amp; Koeffler, H. P. (2006). The circadian gene per1 plays an important role in cell growth and DNA damage control in human cancer cells. \u003cem\u003eMolecular cell\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e22\u003c\/em\u003e(3), 375–382.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKorkushko, O. V., Lapin, B. A., Goncharova, N. D., Khavinson, V. K.h, Shatilo, V. B., Vengerin, A. A., Antoniuk-Shcheglova, I. A., \u0026amp; Magdich, L. V. (2007). \u003cem\u003eAdvances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e20\u003c\/em\u003e(1), 74–85.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKhavinson, V., Razumovsky, M., Trofimova, S., Grigorian, R., \u0026amp; Razumovskaya, A. (2002). Pineal-regulating tetrapeptide epitalon improves eye retina condition in retinitis pigmentosa. \u003cem\u003eNeuro endocrinology letters\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e23\u003c\/em\u003e(4), 365–368.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"author-details\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Usman (BSc, MBBS, MaRCP) completed his studies in medicine at the Royal College of Physicians, London. He is an avid researcher with more than 30 publications in internationally recognized peer-reviewed journals. Dr. Usman has worked as a researcher and a medical consultant for reputable pharmaceutical companies such as Johnson \u0026amp; Johnson and Sanofi.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"mysite","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51786428186941,"sku":"sku2194756129039","price":170.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0997\/4474\/3741\/files\/Epithalon-25mg-2-1.webp?v=1780466135","url":"https:\/\/carmonapettoys.shop\/products\/epithalon-25mg","provider":"ISRAEL ISAIAH SCOTT","version":"1.0","type":"link"}