{"product_id":"tb-500-10mg","title":"( 💪 Speed up recovery) TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4) Peptide (10mg) - 10 Vials","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"et_pb_tab_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pro-description-con\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e🔧 Speed up recovery\u003cbr\u003e💪 Muscle repair\u003cbr\u003e🦴 Ligament\/tendon recovery\u003cbr\u003e🏃 Recovery from sports injuries\u003cbr\u003e🔥 Anti-inflammatory effects\u003cbr\u003e❤️ Tissue repair\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4) Peptide\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"white-back-d\" style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\"\u003eTB-500, or synthetic Thymosin Beta-4, also known as synthetic \u003cem\u003eTβ4\u003c\/em\u003e, is a synthetic analog of the endogenous Thymosin Beta-4 protein, which is considered to be ubiquitously present in cells. The peptide belongs to a widespread family of 16 related molecules observed to exhibit a high degree of sequence conservation and localization in most tissues and circulating cells. TB-500 was developed to sequester and block actin polymerization in eukaryotic cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"grey-back\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOther Known Titles:\u003c\/strong\u003e Thymosin Beta-4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"white-back\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e C\u003csub\u003e212\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e350\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e56\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e78\u003c\/sub\u003eS\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"grey-back\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 4963 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"white-back\" style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSequence:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ac-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro-Asp-Met-Ala-Glu-lle-GluLys-Phe-Asp-Lys-Ser-Lys-Leu-Lys-LysThr-Glu-Thr-Gin-Glu-Lys-Asn-Pro-Leu-Pro-Ser-Lys-GluThy-lleGlu-Gin-Glu-Lys-Gin-Ala-Gly-Glu-Ser\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4) Research\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"grey-back-d\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTB-500 and Intracellular Mechanism of Action\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTB-500 is thought to contain a specific peptide sequence, LKKTETQ, located between the 16th and 24th amino acids. This sequence is hypothesized to play a role in mediating binding to actin. Actins are proteins that are considered integral to the cytoskeleton of cells. They appear to maintain the cell's structure and are believed to be critically involved in primary cellular functions such as motility.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTB-500 interaction with actin might occur through the binding to globular actin (G-actin), the monomeric form of actin, before it polymerizes into filamentous actin (F-actin). The speculated interaction between thymosin beta-4 and G-actin is believed to inhibit the polymerization process, known as actin sequestration. This inhibition is likely to result in an increased availability of G-actin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe potential suppression of F-actin polymerization by thymosin beta-4 might theoretically alter the structure of the cellular cytoskeleton. Such changes may affect the cell's capabilities in terms of movement and undergoing morphological transformations.\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"white-back-d\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTB-500 and Extracellular Mechanism of Action\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInitial research indicates that TB-500, beyond its intracellular potential with actin, may also have actions outside the cell that affect various cellular functions. These potential functions may also include cell motility and angiogenesis, the process through which new blood vessels form.\u003csup\u003e[2,3]\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt is hypothesized that Thymosin beta-4, the naturally occurring version of TB-500, may facilitate these actions through its influence on ATP synthase enzymes. These enzymes, found on the surfaces of cells, appear to play an essential role in generating the energy required by cells to perform various functions. This hypothesis suggests a potential dual role for Thymosin beta-4 in both cellular structure maintenance and energy production.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"grey-back-d\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTB-500 and Vascular Tissues\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTB-500, or Thymosin Beta-4 expression appears to increase four-six fold during early angiogenesis. Research suggests it may promote the growth of new blood cells from existing vessels, potentially mediating faster tissue repair.\u003csup\u003e[4]\u003c\/sup\u003e Researchers point out, \"\u003cem\u003eDelineating the molecular pathways impacted by Tβ4 to promote vascular growth and remodeling may reveal novel targets for prevention … of vascular disease.”\u003c\/em\u003e The actin-binding domain is a short central sequence of amino acids. It appears to be involved in TB-500-mediated regulation of blood cell division, tissue repair processes, migration of endothelial cells and keratinocytes, and possibly higher production of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"white-back-d\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTB-500 and Inflammation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTB-500 research suggests the peptide’s potential anti-inflammatory characteristics.\u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c\/sup\u003e The research suggests, \u003cem\u003e“It acts by increasing angiogenesis and cell migration and is currently [studied in] wound repair.”\u003c\/em\u003e TB-500, unlike other naturally produced growth factors, may possibly support endothelial and keratinocyte migration. It also does not appear to bind to the extracellular matrix, and researchers suggest that its low molecular weight may help it travel comparatively long distances through tissues. Study findings typically hypothesize the action of the peptide may be to regulate the polymerization and function of actin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFurther research suggests that TB-500 may conceivably enhance the expression of microRNA-146a (miR-146a), which may act as an inhibitory regulator of certain cellular communication networks. These networks appear to be particularly involved with inflammation-related cytokines, such as interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Investigators in a recent study hypothesized this mechanism as a potential mode of action for TB-500, noting that inhibiting miR-146a appeared to have reversed the suppression of IRAK1 and TRAF6 by Tβ4, indicative of a likely anti-inflammatory mechanism.\u003csup\u003e[6]\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"grey-back-d\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTB-500 and Tissue Wound Models\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt has been suggested that TB-500 may influence cytokine production, potentially speeding up recovery in wound models.\u003csup\u003e[7]\u003c\/sup\u003e After an injury, preliminary data suggests that TB-500 might enhance the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA in the corneal tissues of mice. Post-alkali injury, TB-500 exposure is believed to possibly reduce the levels of chemoattractants like macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), which may lead to a reduction in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) infiltration. It is also postulated that TB-500 may affect the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) signaling pathways in the cornea, potentially manifesting anti-inflammatory actions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditionally, TB-500 is thought to exhibit anti-apoptotic characteristics, observed in cellular models where overexpression of TB-500 appears to increase growth rates, reduce basal apoptosis, and enhance resistance to cell death inducers. TB-500 may inhibit apoptosis in corneal epithelial cells by obstructing caspases and limiting the release of the pro-apoptotic protein bcl-2 from mitochondria. The proposed anti-apoptotic mechanism might involve mitigating early cell death signals and activating the survival kinase Akt through interactions with particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine-rich protein (PINCH) and integrin-linked kinase. Consequently, all these potential mechanisms may contribute to TB-500 speeding up recovery in different tissue wound models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"white-back-d\" style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTB-500 and Cell Repair\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInitial studies tentatively suggest that TB-500 might enhance the restoration of heart cells in experimental models. It appears that cardiac fibroblasts, connective tissue cells in the heart, may transform into cells similar to cardiomyocytes—these are the muscle cells considered responsible for heart contractions.\u003csup\u003e[8]\u003c\/sup\u003e Additionally, laboratory research has hypothesized that TB-500, combined with cardiac reprogramming techniques, may cooperatively reduce heart cell damage and promote recovery. Researchers suggest this action may be done by stimulating endogenous cells within the heart region.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFurther explorative studies in murine models involving ligation (the surgical blockage of coronary arteries) have hinted that TB-500 might elevate the levels of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and protein kinase B (Akt). Both ILK and Akt are considered critical enzymes in cellular signaling pathways that may play crucial roles in the early survival and repair of cardiomyocytes, thus potentially enhancing the regeneration process of cardiac tissue.\u003csup\u003e[9]\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cem\u003eDisclaimer: T Research chemicals are intended solely for laboratory experimentation and\/or in-vitro testing. Bodily introduction of any sort is strictly prohibited by law. All purchases are limited to licensed researchers and\/or qualified professionals. All information shared in this article is for educational purposes only.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: #555;\"\u003eReferences\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"white-back-d\" style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\"\u003e\n\u003col style=\"color: #555;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGurtner GC, Werner S, Barrandon Y, Longaker MT. Wound repair and regeneration. Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):314-21. . PMID: 18480812.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHuff, T., Müller, C. S., Otto, A. M., Netzker, R., \u0026amp; Hannappel, E. (2001). beta-Thymosins, small acidic peptides with multiple functions. \u003cem\u003eThe international journal of biochemistry \u0026amp; cell biology\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e33\u003c\/em\u003e(3), 205–220.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFreeman, K. W., Bowman, B. R., \u0026amp; Zetter, B. R. (2011). Regenerative protein thymosin beta-4 is a novel regulator of purinergic signaling. \u003cem\u003eFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e25\u003c\/em\u003e(3), 907–915.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDubé, K. N., \u0026amp; Smart, N. (2018). Thymosin β4 and the vasculature: multiple roles in development, repair and protection against disease. Expert opinion on biological therapy, 18(sup1), 131–139.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhilp, D., Goldstein, A. L., \u0026amp; Kleinman, H. K. (2004). Thymosin beta4 promotes angiogenesis, wound healing, and hair follicle development. Mechanisms of ageing and development, 125(2), 113–115.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSantra, M., Zhang, Z. G., Yang, J., Santra, S., Santra, S., Chopp, M., \u0026amp; Morris, D. C. (2014). Thymosin β4 up-regulation of microRNA-146a promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and suppression of the Toll-like proinflammatory pathway. \u003cem\u003eThe Journal of biological chemistry\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e289\u003c\/em\u003e(28), 19508–19518.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSosne, G., Qiu, P., \u0026amp; Kurpakus-Wheater, M. (2007). Thymosin beta 4: A novel corneal wound healing and anti-inflammatory agent. \u003cem\u003eClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e1\u003c\/em\u003e(3), 201–207.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSrivastava, D., Ieda, M., Fu, J., \u0026amp; Qian, L. (2012). Cardiac repair with thymosin β4 and cardiac reprogramming factors. \u003cem\u003eAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e1270\u003c\/em\u003e, 66–72.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBock-Marquette, I., Saxena, A., White, M. D., Dimaio, J. M., \u0026amp; Srivastava, D. (2004). Thymosin beta4 activates integrin-linked kinase and promotes cardiac cell migration, survival and cardiac repair. \u003cem\u003eNature\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e432\u003c\/em\u003e(7016), 466–472.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAll orders ship same day if placed by 12 PST.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"vbni\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eOnly qualified and licensed professionals should handle these products. Any information found on Biotech Peptides is strictly for educational purposes only. Refer to our for more details.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"author-details\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Usman (BSc, MBBS, MaRCP) completed his studies in medicine at the Royal College of Physicians, London. He is an avid researcher with more than 30 publications in internationally recognized peer-reviewed journals. Dr. Usman has worked as a researcher and a medical consultant for reputable pharmaceutical companies such as Johnson \u0026amp; Johnson and Sanofi.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"mysite","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51786428154173,"sku":"sku2194756147549","price":280.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0997\/4474\/3741\/files\/TB-500-10MG-2-1.webp?v=1780466134","url":"https:\/\/carmonapettoys.shop\/products\/tb-500-10mg","provider":"ISRAEL ISAIAH SCOTT","version":"1.0","type":"link"}